Students use strategies such as look-say-cover-write-check to learn regular (and, am, can, get, his, this, up) and irregular spelling (after, all, come, here, my, of, said, saw, some, the, they, was, were, what, when, you) of high frequency words. Can be used by teachers to structure phonics lessons and by students to practice and apply learned skills. Words can be categorised as either are regular or irregular words (in terms of their spelling). We respectfully acknowledge the Traditional Owners of country throughout Victoria and pay respect to the ongoing living cultures of First Peoples. Refer to word lists such as: Students can give examples of how a grapheme can make more than one phoneme (for example ‘u’ in ‘cut’, ‘put’, ‘use’ and ‘a’ in ‘cat’, ‘father’, ‘any’), Decodes single-syllable words with common long vowels (see, Building word families (for example 'play', 'plays', 'playing', 'played', 'playground'), Reads and writes one and two syllable words with common suffixes (walk, walked, walks, walking) (See. In Australia, it is used by approximately half of Australian schools, as either a Foundation Learning program, or as a remedial or special needs program. Recognise all upper- and lower-case letters and the most common sound that each letter represents (, Blend sounds associated with letters when reading consonant-vowel-consonant words (, Recognise short vowels, common long vowels and consonant digraphs, and consonant blends (, Understand how to spell one and two syllable words with common letter patterns (, Understand that a letter can represent more than one sound, and that a syllable must contain a vowel sound (, Learn some generalisations for adding suffixes to words (, Recognise most letter–sound matches including silent letters, trigraphs, vowel digraphs and common long vowels, and understand that a sound can be represented by various letter combinations (, Understand how to apply knowledge of letter–sound relationships, and blending and segmenting to read and use more complex words with less common consonant and vowel clusters (, Recognise most high-frequency words, know how to use common prefixes and suffixes, and know some homophones and generalisations for adding a suffix to a base word (, Read different types of texts for specific purposes by combining phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge using text processing strategies, including monitoring meaning, skimming, scanning and reviewing (, Understand how to use banks of known words, syllabification, spelling patterns, word origins, base words, prefixes and suffixes, to spell new words, including some uncommon plurals (, Phoneme: /m/, /b/, /l/, /t/, /g/, /h/, /s/, /k/, /v/, /z/, /p/, /j/, /n/, /d/, /r/, /y/, /f/, /w/ Vowel phoneme (short): /a/, /e/, /i/ /o/, /u/ Digraph: /sh/, /ch/, th/th voiced and unvoiced (Hill, 2015, p. 275)Digraph: /sh/, /ch/, th/th voiced and unvoiced (Hill, 2015, p. 275), Stretchable consonants: /f/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /s/, /v/, /z/ Plosive consonants: /b/, /d/, /j/, /k/, /p/, /t/ Initial consonants: /h/, /w/, /y/, /c/, /g/, q= /k/ + /w/ Short vowels taught in rime -at, -et, -ip, -ot, -un (Hornsby & Wilson, 2011, pp. Phonology, reading and reading difficulties. Investigate words with common consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr, pl, lr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, tr, tw) and vowel sounds (a-e, e-e, i-e, o-e, u-e, ai, ay, ee, ea, oa) such as tree, star, be.gin, tea.cher. 4. However, when you identify the graphemes within these words it is clear that many high frequency words are also regular words. Including phonics is a necessary part of a rich literacy programme, as argued by a number of experts with differing views on the teaching of phonics including Emmitt, Hornsby and Wilson (2013), Goswami (2010), Stahl (2011), Paris (2005), Konza (2016). A trial of the phonics screening check will take place with Year 1 students in Term 3 2020. Our low-cost membership program expands the free content to include animated songs, mathematics, and reading activities spanning K-3. 3. English can be thought of as an alphabetic language consisting of 44 speech sounds (phonemes) which map onto letter patterns (graphemes). wonder + ful = wonderful, quick + ly =quickly, Silent letters - students recognise and read words with silent letters e.g. Hill, S. (2015). I have taught mainly in the primary school setting, K – 6. do, said, could, yacht, doubt). When you look for programs out there, there are hundreds of phonics programs but very few phonemic awareness programs that take students from the simplest to advanced forms. See plural s section for more details. knife, castle, write. Australian Curriculum: English Foundation to Year 10 Despite this complexity, there are numerous sound-letter patterns (graphemes) that are useful to highlight, so that children can crack the code of written language. Reading Eggs. Initial silent letters (g-gnome, k-knew, p-psychology, w-wrap), medial silent letters (h-ghost, l-could, t-castle, w-two) and final silent letters (b-thumb) (Hornsby & Wilson, 2011, p.193). Systematic Synthetic Phonics Tier 1 Programs (Whole Class K – 2/3) Jolly Phonics Initial Lit Sounds Write Little Learners PLD Resources Oxford Reading Tree Get Reading Right Where Written? Snowball, D. and Bolton, F. (1999). Regardless of which approach is employed, phonics instruction must contain the following: As noted by Wyse (2010), literacy teaching involves the use of texts ‘to locate teaching about the smaller units of language including letters and phonemes… [This] contributes to contexts that are meaningful to children and enables them to better understand the reading process, including the application of key reading skills’ (pp. In K. Hall, U. Goswami, C. Harrison, S. Ellis & J. Soler (Eds.). We know that: with an explicit, systematic Synthetic Phonics program every child can leave your class reading and spelling. Australia's reading performance declines The reading wars have been reignited in Australia by the Federal Government's push to test students' knowledge of phonics in all primary schools. The phonics lesson sequences aim to provide teachers with explicit information about how to teach phonics to students who might require additional support in Foundation, Level 1 and Level 2. Stahl, K.A.D. English can be thought of as an alphabetic language consisting of 44 speech sounds (phonemes) which map onto letter patterns (graphemes). In English we use graphemes to represent these various sounds. I am now teaching ESL to new arrivals. the, to, go, I, and, look, here). For more, see: Information in your language. 3 thoughts on “ Teaching of synthetic phonics in Australia based on flawed evidence ” Ron Brown says: November 26, 2017 at 10:23 am. phonics program or as a stand-alone program. This tool is a guide and may not be accurate. As reading and spelling skills develop, focussing on phonemic awar… : Eleanor Curtain Publishing. In early childhood children will typically develop an emerging awareness of phonics, and that other aspects of emergent literacy and oral language are the main foci. Students are then taught to join or 'blend' these sounds together to read whole words. Our website uses a free tool to translate into other languages. Since 1997 LEM Phonics has enjoyed excellent success as a superior method of teaching literacy to early primary children. Overtime, it is expected that students will become proficient and efficient at reading words they encounter the most (high frequency words). Students generate another word that rhymes with a given word ( for example, blue, two - zoo) (See, Alliteration patterns - Make and say tongue twisters that start with a given letter, read stories that contain alliteration (See, Syllables - can identify syllables in spoken words including student name (See, Identify some phonemes in spoken words and manipulate the sounds. Morphology is the study of words and their parts. (See Phonic Lesson-Using a traditional tale to teach phonic elements in the Literacy Teaching Toolkit), Trigraphs - a group of three letters that are associated with one sound, for example, ‘eau’ in ‘plateau’. n MultiLit Reading Tutor Program, MiniLit Early Intervention Program and PreLit Early Literacy Preparation – very structured and explicit remedial programs developed by Macquarie University, which aim to address the needs of children with reading difficulties. Phonics International (PI) is a highly-organised, systematic and yet flexible online synthetic phonics programme (program). Heggerty has come out with a comprehensive and systematic way to do that. Contact for free consultation. Norwood: ALEA. It develops all of the skills they need to know. Please enable scripts and reload this page. As with all literacy learning, phonics instruction should take place within a meaningful, communicative, rich pedagogy, and within genuine literacy events (Hornsby & Wilson, 2011, p.19). Morphemes are important for phonics (reading and spelling), as well as vocabulary and comprehension. For example, the letter combination “ough” can be read in at least seven different ways: as in “through”, “thorough”, “although”, “plough”, “thought”, “cough” and “rough”. Phonological awareness and phonics are therefore not the same, but these literacy focuses tend to overlap. South Yarra, Australia: Eleanor Curtain Publishing. Click below to order through your instructor. In English, there are only 26 letters, so combinations of letters (graphemes) are needed to represent all 44 sounds (phonemes). Therapy service: We offer individual and group intervention in North Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia, targeting phonemic awareness, orthographic and morphological knowledge and other language-based aspects of reading and writing. (See, Rhyming words-identify through singing songs, rhymes and stories containing rhyme. Also, In English there are often multiple ways to spell the same sound. (See, Isolate, blend and segment phonemes in single syllable words - Count the phonemes in two and three letter words, identify the first and last sound in words, isolate sounds in words to segment (cup= c-u-p) and blend sounds (sh-i-p=ship) to make single syllable words (See. Words can also be categorised as either low frequency or high frequency, referring to how frequently they are found in texts for students of a particular year level. It is important for teachers to be familiar with the most common and productive sound-letter patterns (graphemes). Uses systematic synthetic phonics, the most effective, evidence-based method for teaching early reading and spelling. The morphology of words increasingly becomes important for the teaching of reading and spelling as students progress in their literacy abilities. Find out about key components of successful remedial reading programs and strategies to help struggling readers with literacy skills; including modifications to traditional phonics programs, alternatives that are more visually oriented, and more. Hornsby, D. & Wilson, L. (2011). Membership also supports the production of new books, songs, educational games, and movies. graphemes). Refer to word lists such as: Students can identify the consonant blends at the beginning (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr, pl, lr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, tr, tw) or ending (ft, ld, lk, lp, lt, mp, nd, ng, nk, nt, py, ry, sk, sp, st, ty) of syllables and then the individual phonemes that make up the blend (frog = ‘fr’ = f-r or jump=’mp’ = m-p) (Hill, 2015, p.249). There are a number of different reading strategies for students with reading disabilities that can be used to promote literacy. Short vowels - Vowel sounds are usually short when they appear in one-syllable words. Phonological awareness and phonics are therefore not the same, but these literacy focuses tend to overlap. Jolly Phonics incorporates actions, jingles and stories for each of the 42 sounds which makes learning fun for both the child and teacher. For more information, see: Read and write all 100 high frequency words. Spelling K-8: Planning and Teaching. Whether it's a Phonetic worksheet, colourful activity pack or word game, use our resources to help prepare lessons on sound and phonics and present them in a variety of different ways. New York: Routledge. 130-148). Follow with common vowel digraphs making a long vowel sound: (ai, ay, ee, ea, oa). Phonics Australia - Progression of the Books. UK Synthetic Phonics guru Debbie Heppelwhite has Phonics Training Online for AUD$194.61 (at today’s exchange rate, I just signed up) for 43 modules, with a total of 20 hours of videos. The morphology of words also adds to the complexity of the English spelling system. Another factor that illustrates why English's alphabetic orthography is complex is that some letters make multiple sounds. As students learn to read and spell, they fine-tune their knowledge of the relationships between phonemes and graphemes in written language. Phonics Australia We specialise in supplying high quality decodable phonic based reading and spelling resources, explicit, systematic, sequential and suitable for … (pp. Distinguishing between words that are completely (or mostly) regular or irregular can be helpful to know which words might be difficult for students to decode independently. Listen to the sounds heard in the word and then write letters to represent those sounds. Our fantastic range of letters and sound program resources are great for getting Foundation to Year 2 classes comfortable with common sounds and vocabulary. Syllables: Students can break words into syllables to hear the phonemes (e.g. In English, phonics is the teaching of introductory, basic, intermediate, and advanced sound-letter patterns (graphemes). A HUGE variety of unique, child-approved games. Developing early literacy: Assessment and teaching (2nd ed.) try →tried (Derewianka, 1998, p. 62), final consonants are not doubled before adding a suffix beginning with a consonant e.g. Investigate and decode words which contain long vowel sounds: begin with split digraphs (a-e = cake, e-e = these, i-e = vine, o-e = hope, u-e = cute). (pp. Synthetic Phonics gets every child reading and spelling, fast. Designed for all ages and needs and suitable for anyone who wants to learn to read and spell. When I started the search for free phonics websites for kids, this was one of the first … For example, what happens when you swap the /d/ in ‘dig’ with a /b/ = ‘big’ (See, Blend and segment onset and rime - Orally build word families (h-op, p-op, c-op, m-op, sh-op, ch-op, st-op). For example, students can learn about the plural -s, and how it can be spelt with an "s" or "es", based on a sound rule. prefixes, suffixes, base words). In J. Scull & B. Raban (Eds), Growing up literate: Australian literacy research for practice (pp. Recognise all upper- and lower-case letters and the most common sound that each letter represents (VCELA146). A WORLD READING PROGRAM SYSTEMATIC, EXPLICIT PHONICS. As reading and spelling skills develop, focussing on phonemic awareness improves phonics knowledge, and focussing on phonics also improve phonemic awareness. Dive into the results. Applying new visions of reading development in today’s classrooms. While phonological awareness includes the awareness of speech sounds, syllables, and rhymes, phonics is the mapping of speech sounds (phonemes) to letters (or letter patterns, i.e. What is agreed, however, is that the teaching of literacy should incorporate evidence-informed practices which include a place for explicit and systematic phonics instruction. Can use visual memory strategies such as: look-say-cover-write-check, knowledge of letter patterns, word shape and possible letter combinations to write high frequency sight words. A list of commercial phonics programs designed for teaching reading in English (arranged by country of origin to acknowledge regional language variations). Teaching phonics in context. LEM Phonics is Australia’s own ‘home grown’ synthetic phonics program, created in Australia, especially for the Australian accent, to suit Australian classrooms. The Hooked On Phonics Method. Write consonant-vowel-consonant words by segmenting the sounds. Recognise the most common sound made by each letter and their symbol (phoneme to grapheme). Simple English phonic code for beginner readers - a3 wall chart. Complex english phonic code for Older readers - a3 wall chart. 87-101). The 20 vowel and 24 consonant phonemes make up the 44 phonemes of English. 149-175). For details, see: The 44 Sounds of English (pdf - 230.7kb) The 44 Sounds of English (docx - 223.93kb). Consonant blends. UK Australia UK Australia Australia UK Australia Instructional Method? For advice, guidelines and tools to assist students with learning difficulties and dyslexia see: Resources – Online Tools and Applications. An overwhelming body of research supports synthetic phoni If you do not have an instructor, use the head office link. The lesson sequences are examples and are not intended to cover all aspects of phonics. Spalding Education Australia, as the only authorised trainer in Australia of the Spalding Method, cultivates the most comprehensive and effective method for teaching English in the world. Phonic books Diagnostic Assessment Tool. 2. For example, the /or/ vowel sound can be spelt “or” as in “horse”, “au” “haunt”, “our” “court”, “augh” “caught” and “ore” “store” to name a few. This makes the spelling system (orthography) of English more complicated than languages with more phonetic orthographies. talk → talked, talking, drop the final 'e' when adding 'ing' e.g. Interdisciplinary perspectives on learning to read: Culture, cognition and pedagogy. The complete kit also comes with workbooks. Child Can't Read? Graphemes = Sound Letter Patterns (docx - 124.65kb). Oxford Word List, Magic Words). Educators all across the planet are recognising (again) that phonics is the only method of teaching English that is consistent with the brain’s pattern of learning. Appendix 4: Examples of High Quality, Evidence-based Phonics Programs Creative Adm 2020-07-14T10:37:38+08:00. get well help because), Low frequency words are more rare (or not usual) for a student in a particular learning level to come across (e.g. (Hill, 2015, p.252; Hornsby & Wilson, 2011, p.192) (See Phonics lesson: Consonant digraphs in the Literacy Teaching Toolkit). Phonics is a vital part of learning to read, and Eggy Phonics – the highly interactive series of apps for the iPad – makes phonics a fun, motivational and multisensory learning experience for children aged 3+.. Graphemes can be a single letter (graph), or a combination of two (digraph), three (trigraph), or four letters (quadgraph). For more information and a list of the most common graphemes, see: 103 - 116). The program, provided by the Starfall Education Foundation, a nonprofit organization, was conceived by Dr. Stephen Schutz. Include words with 2 letter blends (See Level 1 Phonics Scope) and 3 letter blends (scr-, shr-, spl-, spr-, str- in the initial and final position of a word. A vowel inside a rime has a consistent sound. (2010). English is also considered a morphophonemic language, which means that its spelling is also made up of various morphemes (e.g. Morphemes (like prefixes, suffixes, and base words) are defined as the smallest meaningful units of meaning. (UK Gov free phonics program) Letters and Sounds is a phonics resource published by the UK Department for Education and Skills in 2007, in response to the Rose Report. I believe Australia can climb aboard this new wave of phonics instruction through LEM Phonics, making future generations of children Literate for Life. Students can write words with silent letters: Initial silent letters (g-gnome, k-knew, p-psychology, w-wrap), medial silent letters (h-ghost, l-could, t-castle, w-two) and final silent letters (b-thumb) (Hornsby & Wilson, 2011, p.193). This is my 40th of teaching. … use → used, hope →hoped, double the last consonant if there is a short vowel before it and then add ‘ed’ or ‘ing’ e.g. It is an integrated, multisensory language arts program comprising of three areas: Spelling, Reading and Writing. Teaching morphemes is useful, as they are often spelt the same across different words (even when the sound changes), and often have a consistent purpose and/or meaning. It can be useful to use lists of high frequency words (e.g. graphemes). Phonics knowledge allows children to understand the link between sounds (phonemes) and letter patterns (graphemes). Teaching Programs and Resources Response to Intervention & RTI Resources Pearson – Response to Intervention – Identifying and responding to struggling students is an ongoing challenge. Deletion of phonemes in more complex words: (deleting ‘e’ from ‘bathe’ = bath, deleting the ‘i’ from paint = pant), Substitution of initial, medial or final phonemes in more complex words (substituting ‘str’ for ‘th’ in thing = ‘string’, substituting ‘ea’ for ‘oa’ in boat = ‘beat’, substituting ‘-tch’ for ‘th’ in with = ‘witch’ (See Deleting and manipulating sounds in the Literacy Teaching Toolkit), Identify all Standard Australian English phonemes, including short and long vowels, separate sounds in clusters (VCELA239) Listening for and recognising different sounds in words during shared reading and read alouds including short vowels ('a' as in can), long vowels ('o' as in pony) and separate sounds in letter clusters ('s-t-r' in strap). Four Resources model of reading. Furthermore, PI is perfect for schools, tutoring and homeschooling. Synthetic phonics is a method of teaching reading in which students are first taught the relationship between letters and the speech sounds they represent. Literacy Glossary)Investigate and teach the way words change when suffixes are added (-ing, -ed, -er, -est, -ful, -ly), Recognise most letter-sound matches including silent letters, trigraphs, vowel digraphs and common long vowels, and understand that a sound can be represented by various letter combinations (VCELA218), Understand how to use digraphs, long vowels, blends, silent letters and syllabification to spell simple words including compound words (VCELA226), Use visual memory to write high-frequency words and words where spelling is not predictable from the sounds (VCELA227), Manipulate more complex sounds in spoken words through knowledge of blending and segmenting sounds, phoneme deletion and substitution (VCELA238), For in practice examples, see: Phonics can be introduced through emergent literacy experiences. Finnish, Italian), where there is a simple one-to-one relationship between sounds and letters. Our Phonics tutors helping to overcome dyslexia learning difficulties with Dyslexia correction Programs. cog pharaoh deleterious). There are 2 types of programs to choose from: The complete kit. 5. This involves the skills of hearing, identifying and using phonemes or sound patterns in English. Learn an increasing number of high frequency words with regular (and, am, can, get, his, this, up) and irregular spelling (after, all, come, here, my, of, said, saw, some, the, they, was, were, what, when, you). Each phoneme may have multiple spellings (graphemes) and a sample are listed here: (See The English Spelling System: 44 sounds of English in the Literacy Teaching Toolkit): Short Vowels – ‘a’ in cat, ‘e’ in leg, ‘I’ in sit, ‘o’ in top, ‘u’ in rub and ‘oo’/‘u’ in book and put, 3 R-Controlled vowels – ‘ar’ in car, giraffe, half, ‘er’/‘ir’/‘ur’ in her, were, bird, hurt or in cork, more, sure, saw, war (Hornsby & Wilson, 2011, p. 179), 6 other vowels - ‘ow’/‘ou’ in cow and out, ‘oy’/‘oi’ in boy and void, ‘eer’/‘ear’ in deer and near, ‘air’/‘ere’ in hair and there, ‘our’ in tour, 1 Unstressed Vowel - schwa in trumpet, about, father, lemon, circus, taken (Snowball & Bolton, 1999), 24 Consonants - p in pet, b in bet, t in tip, d in dip, k/c in kite/cap, m in met, n in net, ng in sing, f in fan and photo, v in van, th in think (voiceless /th/), th in this (voiced /t/), s in Sue, dress and cent, z in zoo, h in hat, j in jump and giant, w in wet, r in rat, y in yak, l in leg, sh in ship, zh in treasure and beige, ch in chain and creature (Hornsby & Wilson, 2011, p. 179; Snowball & Bolton, 1999), Additional Consonant Sounds - x = k + s as in box, qu = k + w as in quit, State Government of Victoria, Australia © 2019. Summary of Australasian Research Phonics is an approach to teaching reading, and some aspects of writing, by developing learners’ phonemic awareness. Dr Deslea Konza explains that phonics is the relationship between phonemes and graphemes and the importance of this component in learning to read. 144-5). Rather than memorising lists of words by sight (which is effectively reducing the alphabetic language of English to a pictorial language), students are taught how to break a word into its component parts and analyse them. Addition of phonemes: (adding /b/ to ‘in’ to make = ‘bin’ or /m/ to ‘far’ to make = ‘farm’, Deletion of phonemes: (deleting /s/ from swag to make = ‘wag’ or deleting /b/ from brat to make = ‘rat’, Substitution of initial, medial or final phonemes (substituting /p/ for /g/ in get = ‘pet’, substituting /o/ for /e/ in pet = pot, substituting /d/ for /t/ in pot =’pod’) (See, add ‘ed’ or ‘ing’ to verb stem e.g. It follows an excellent scope and sequence. The place of phonics in learning to read and write. explicit links to handwriting and how the upper and lower case grapheme is represented. (See, Teach the spelling of high frequency words (e.g. Understanding the process of reading: The big six. plan →planned, planning, hop →hopped, hopping, if the verb ends in y, change the ‘y’ to an ‘i’ and add ‘ed’ e.g. Word Morphology. I believe Australia can climb aboard this new wave of phonics instruction through LEM Phonics, making future generations of children Literate for Life. Over 20 years, Fantastic Phonics has found its way into half the world's countries, into hundreds of thousands of homes and schools and communities, to help parents and teachers teach their children according to evidence-based Phonics … The Literacy Teaching Toolkit materials (including the phonics resources on this page) are targetted at students within the expected range of abilities. (2011). The course includes a 12-month licence of the Phonics International program… The attached 'Letters and Sounds' materials provide an evidence based approach to explicit and systematic phonics instruction.They can be used to inform the phonics component of early reading programs. Teach: ‘sh’- ship, wish, ‘ch’- chop and much, unvoiced ‘th’- thin and with, voiced ‘th’- then, feather, ‘ph’-phone, elephant, graph, ‘ck’- black, ‘wh’- what, ‘ng’- king, ‘qu’- queen (included here because ‘q’ always appears with ‘u’ after it). The reading Teacher, 65(1), 52-56. Teach ‘ear’ as in ‘wear’, ‘tch’ as in ‘catch’, ‘ear’ as in ‘fear’, ‘ure’ as in ‘sure’, Vowel digraphs and common long vowels: Revise (a-e, ai, ay, e-e, ee, ea, i-e, oa, o-e, u-e) Then teach: (ie, y, oe, ow, oo, ue) followed by: (ou, oy, oi, au), Teach R-Controlled Vowels: ar, er, ir, or, ur, Students can write words containing consonant digraphs (‘sh’, ‘ch’, ‘th’, ‘ph’, ‘wh’, ‘ck’, ‘ng’, ‘qu’) and vowel digraphs and long vowels (a-e, ai, au, ay, e-e, ee, ea, i-e, ie, oa, oe, o-e, oi, oo, ou, ow, oy, u-e, ue, y) (see Phonics Lesson: Consonant digraphs in the Literacy Teaching Toolkit), Students can write words with 2 letter (See. This analysis helps them to discover either what sounds the letters make (reading), or what letters they can use to represent those sounds on paper (spelling) — all before they have finished their first year of school! Reading and spelling are reversible processes and need to be explicitly taught together through the use of a structured and systematic phonics program. Australia – F – 2 Learning Area Content Descriptors (ACARA) include Alphabet and Phonic Knowledge as a core element of language and literacy acquisition in the Foundation to Year 2 years. Words - Regular/Irregular and High/Low Frequency (docx - 208.63kb). A Grammar Companion: For Primary Teachers, Newtown, NSW: Primary English Teacher Association. Konza, D. (2016). LEM Phonics is Australia’s own ‘home grown’ synthetic phonics program, created in Australia, especially for the Australian accent, to suit Australian classrooms. There is no fixed or set sequence to follow (Hornsby & Wilson, 2011, p.85) but here are two alternatives: Blend sounds associated with letters when reading consonant-vowel-consonant words (VCELA147), Understand that spoken sounds and words can be written and know how to write some high frequency words and other familiar words including their name (VCELA157), Know how to use onset and rime to spell words where sounds map more directly onto letters (VCELA158), Identify rhyming words, alliteration patterns, syllables and some sounds (phonemes) in spoken words (VCELA168), Blend and segment onset and rime in single syllable words and isolate, blend and segment phonemes in single syllable words (First consonant, last consonant sound, middle vowel sound) (VCELA169), Recognise short vowels, common long vowels and consonant digraphs, and consonant blends (VCELA181), Understand how to spell one and two syllable words with common letter patterns (VCELA182), Understand that a letter can represent more than one sound, and that a syllable must contain a vowel sound (VCELA183), Recognise and know how to use simple grammatical morphemes in word families (VCELA191), Understand how to use visual memory to write high-frequency words, and that some high-frequency words have regular and irregular spelling components (VCELA184), Identify the separate phonemes in consonant blends or clusters at the beginning and ends of syllables (VCELA203), Manipulate phonemes by addition, deletion and substitution of initial, medial and final phonemes to generate new words (VCELA204), Learn some generalisations for adding suffixes to words (VCELA217), (See Through phonograms, sounds and the rules that govern the relationships between them, LEM Phonics makes sense of the English language. 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