However, modern English readers inhabit a society where multiculturalism is publicly celebrated and religious intolerance officially unacceptable. The Faerie Queene. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. That Spenser is quite explicit with his references to his referred meaning again demonstrates that he openly intended for those meanings to be apparent to his audience. Because of Elizabeth, literacy becomes power, overcomes nature, and gives The Faerie Queene the way to become the poesis of selves. Thomas P. Roche, Jr. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978. Spenser fashioned him to represent holiness, although this definition should be treated carefully as he is not holiness itself, but a man who has holiness. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971. There would have been very little problem in interpreting these names for Spenser’s audience as any reader of such a poem would most likely have rudimentary knowledge of the poem’s names Latinate origins; however the modern English reader may not comprehend the name’s meaning without secondary material. In Books I and III, the poet follows the journeys of two knights, Redcrosse and Britomart, and in doing so he examines the two virtues he considers most important to Christian life--Holiness and Chastity. Get tips and ideas in OUTLINE. London: OUP, 1932. While adopting the form of the romantic epic as the basis of allegory throughout his entire poem, Spenser seems soon to have discovered that he could only travel easily by this path for a short distance. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Faerie Queene. It is also incomplete, leaving the resolution of the separate narrative open for conjecture. but copying is not allowed on our website. MacCaffrey describes the challenge to the reader as, “The characters, including the heroes, move primarily in the horizontal plane, but Spenser’s readers have their attention repeatedly drawn to the upper and lower limits of reality which are also the sources of the poem’s truth. The Faerie Queene - Allegory in Canto IV Spenser’s, The Faerie Queene, was written during the Renaissance, at a time of great change in Europe. Here’s a quick and simple definition:Some additional key details about allegory: 1. Both Spenser’s contemporaries and his modern audience are likely to know when they approach The Faerie Queene that what they are reading is an allegory. The surface narrative, which can be overlooked as a hindrance to understanding the poem, becomes a help when the reader is prepared to follow the fairy story – the battles between Knights and monsters against a backdrop of bleeding trees and mythical creatures. Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What Do You Hear? The Amazon Book Review Book recommendations, author interviews, editors' picks, and … The Faerie Queene, one of the great long poems in the English language, written in the 16th century by Edmund Spenser.As originally conceived, the poem was to have been a religious-moral-political allegory in 12 books, each consisting of the adventures of a knight representing a particular moral virtue; Book I, for example, recounts the legend of the Red Cross Knight, or Holiness. Like many people during this time, Spenser began questioning his surroundings. The book is formatted as an journal so that daily experiences can be shared through […], Throughout the years, people have had many different experiences in the United States. In answering the above question, it is necessary to focus on the function of duplicity/multiplicity in the two contexts presented. For such a personal interpretation to occur, firstly the reader must understand Spenser’s intentions fully. Another problem for the modern reader is the blatant and consistent attacks on anything non-Protestant, be it the Catholics, the Muslims or the faithless. admin Edmund Spenser, Faerie Queene, Faerie Queene as an allegory, The Faerie Queene, The Faerie Queene as a religious allegory Answer: There is no matter of doubt that Spencer’s poem, The Faerie Queene, is replete with allegorical significance. THE RELIGIOUS ALLEGORY IN BOOK ONE OF SPENSER’S FAERIE QUEENEThe comment that Gabriel Harvey made when he read The Faerie Queene in 1580, wasthat it was a “Hobgoblin run away with the garland from Apollo”. Allegory as a literary device evolved out of the classical method of interpreting the world through figurative means with Gods and myths, combined with the (somewhat simplistically stated) progression from simile to metaphor to allegory. Shakespeare, Spenser, Donne. DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd. But as stated before that both public and psychological issues often embroil and indeed spark wars, stemming from both politics and religion. First among the poetic geniuses of the Elizabethan period came Edmund Spenser with his Faerie Queene, the allegory of an ideal chivalry. The Faerie Queene Latest answer posted March 01, 2011 at 11:17:59 AM In Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, identify what each character represents: the Redcrosse Knight, the dragon, Arthur, & Una. Year of Yes: How to Dance It Out, Stand In the Sun and Be Your Own Person, Unfu*k Yourself: Get out of your head and into your life, The Alter Ego Effect: The Power of Secret Identities to Transform Your Life, The Positive Shift: Mastering Mindset to Improve Happiness, Health, and Longevity, Leadership Strategy and Tactics: Field Manual, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, 71% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 29% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Faerie Queen as an Allegory For Later. The poem is devoted to the greatness of the glory of England and her kings or queens. The Faerie Queene is notable for its form: it is one of the longest poems in the English language; it is also the work in which Spenser invented the verse form known as the Spenserian stanza. Special offer for LiteratureEssaySamples.com readers. The Faerie Queene is understood to be a political allegory concerning the domestic and international status of Elizabethan England. As well as writing […], Before the telephone was invented, people wrote letters to each other to stay in touch. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. His role as a Protestant role model is combined with his representation of the British nation. Edmund Spenser Literature The Faerie Queene The Faerie Queene is a religious allegory. All the characters in “The Faerie Queene” have allegorical significance since they represent abstract ideas. 2. So we should assume that Spenser was not intending to confuse his readers in any way but use allegory as a technique best suited to espousing his ideas and views on contemporary Elizabethan society. The way he is deceived by Duessa is a challenge – one that he initially does not seem able to win as he is led towards Lucifera and the seven sins, but overcomes eventually by way of his holiness and his reunion with Una. 1. London: Methuen, 1970. A story, which is outwardly plain may have a hidden meaning. Comprehension of the names in The Faerie Queene is always useful at an early stage of reading as they provide a ‘short cut’ to the allegorical significance of the characters. Interpreting the allegory in The Faerie Queene is not simply a task of deciphering a code, but a matter of relating to the Spenserian, Elizabethan and Fairy worlds in order to make sense of and then bring together the carefully structured layers and meanings of the poem. This chapter shows that The Faerie Queene is indisputably an allegorical work which contains a vast series of representations of political and historical events. A moral or spiritual allegory dealing with the action and interaction of virtue and vice. Similarly unacceptable would be to endorse a poem that condemned Islam as being without law, faith and joy in a British society with an established Muslim community that would be deeply offended. But the reader of The Faerie Queene must always have allegory as the priority of their consciousness to fully receive the complete impression of the poem. For the narrative of the fairy story is designed to be synchronised with the allegorical developments. But it demands to be read within a cultural context where its status is uncertain and insecure. Each character in Spenser’s epic can be referenced somehow back to the church, political climate or controversies of his time period. The use of fragmented pop culture contributes to many aspects […], Despite the fact that The Crying of Lot 49 is chock-full of the use of methods of communication, the only time when anything is actually communicated is when a few […], Writing in Italy during the 14th century, Boccaccio is caught in the historical dichotomy between the blind adherence to the Church that permeated the Middle Ages and the emerging Humanism […], She told him about…country sounds and country smells and of how fresh and clean everything in the country is. Studies in Spenser’s Historical Allegory. As a prominent Elizabethan, Spenser was writing with the backing of the political and religious power base, and his views would have been either applauded or opposed quietly. Both Spenser’s contemporaries and his modern audience are likely to know when they approach The Faerie Queene that what they are reading is an allegory. Spenser’s literature established himself as a revolutionary writer with influential ideas. 3. It is a gadget in which characters or occasions speak to or symbolize thoughts and ideas. She said that heought to live there and that if he […], In many ways The Faerie Queene presents a unique challenge to the English reader. This vertical dimension is ordinarily beyond the horizon of the characters, but visible to us; as always when a distance develops between fiction and reader, the effect is to make us aware of fictiveness itself and to ponder the nature and relevance of fictions”. A personal and historical allegory. Therefore the reader has to perform the task of following the narrative in Fairy Land as well as being conscious on another level of Spenser’s aims of “fashioning a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline” based on Protestant Christianity and glorifying, in the same vein, the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Similarly, Sansfoy does not have to be a Muslim in order to represent the folly of being lawless. Greenlaw, Edwin. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. This poem is one of the fruits of that intellectual awakening which first fertilized Italian thought in the twelfth century, and, slowly spreading over Europe, made its way into England in the fifteenth century. Vision or Imagination is a representation of the Eternally Exists. The title character, the Faerie Queene herself, is meant to represent Queen Elizabeth. Whenever she is with Redcrosse he has ‘true Christian Truth’; when she is absent he is prey to the evils of Duessa and Archimago. A religious allegory dealing with the important religious events of the age. Whilst the device of allegory can be categorised by the different applications, techniques and situations with which it is used, e.g., situational allegory, typological allegory, psychological allegory etc., this need not concern the reader as such a categorisation can prove confusing and unhelpful. Duessa, Abessa and Archimago are, for Spenser, allegorical representations of the Catholic Church – ones that are specifically aimed at deceiving Redcrosse and the reader, for Redcrosse is in many ways the Christian, or more precisely, Protestant everyman. This selective interpretation may break the ‘completeness’ of Spenser’s poem but the process in itself would be a worthwhile experience. Yet, different as they appear to be in value and direction, Blake says that there is seldom allegory without some vision. The Faerie Queene as a political Allegory The Faerie Queene is Spenser’s masterpiece. (1) This comment,which was made on the first part of The Faerie Queene, implies a combination ofmedieval romance with classical myth which appears all throughout the poem. We have seen that he is allied to the reader in the problems he has to overcome, making him in one respect an ordinary man, but he is clearly not just that. As MacCaffrey explains, “In the epistemological allegory of Book 1, Spenser compels both his reader and his hero to confront the duplicity of seemings”. But Catholicism is not Spenser’s only evil in the poem; Islam, as represented by the 3 brother “Sarazins”, is seen to be without faith (Sansfoy), without law (Sansloy) and without joy (Sansjoy). In many ways The Faerie Queene presents a unique challenge to the English reader. London: OUP, 1960. Moral ,Spiritual, Religious,Political and Personal Allegory in “Faerie Queene” An allegory is a representation of a unique or profound importance through cement or material structures; allegorical treatment of one subject under the appearance of an alternate. It is when Spenser is not so open about his intentions that the reader has to juggle priorities in his consciousness. Setting Tough-o-Meter Writing Style Allegory Chivalry Duality and Doubling Bower of Bliss House of Busirane The Temple of Isis Narrator Point of View Booker's Seven Basic Plots Analysis Plot Analysis Three-Act Plot Analysis Spenser's "The Faerie Queene" is an allegorical romance, symbolizing the moral and spiritual journey of an individual through innumerable temptations of sins towards the ultimate attainment of glory and truth. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. The religious allegory is the primary concern of Book 1; only with the introduction of Arthur does the political one begin (to be developed later). The Faerie Queeneis divided into six books, each one dedicated to a specific virtue: holiness, temperance, chastity, friendship, justice, and courtesy. Previous Next . It was only the true holiness of man that enabled him eventually to embrace the ‘true religious faith’ of Protestantism. An allegory is a detailed description of one thing under the guise of another. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. However, the more important purpose of the Faerie Queene is its allegory, the meaning behind its characters and events. Allegory in The Faerie Queene. Allegory, similar to personification, is the practice of imagining characters and places as direct embodiments of a virtue, value, idea, concept, etc. The Faerie Queene, written by Edmund Spenser in the late 1500s, is an allegorical tale created to teach its readers how to live up to the six virtues Spenser explores in each book. Composed as an overt moral and political allegory, The Faerie Queene, with its dramatic episodes of chivalry, pageantry and courtly love, is also a supreme work of atmosphere, colour and sensuous description. The Faerie Queene Analysis. In The Faerie Queene, Spenser creates an allegory: The characters of his far-off, fanciful "Faerie Land" are meant to have a symbolic meaning in the real world. Allegory as a literary device evolved out of the classical method of interpreting the world through figurative means with Gods and myths, combined with the (somewhat simplistically stated) progression from simile to metaphor to … The Faerie Queene, ed. This is dangerous in terms of developing an exclusive interpretation (i.e. attempting to publish a book defining a universal interpretation) but the allegory of The Faerie Queene should be interpreted personally so that it means something for each individual reader. When the Redcrosse Knight is revealed as St. George the reader then has a new level on the ‘vertical axis’ to deal with. This would have secured for him the first place among Elizabethans other than the playwrights. It can be described as epic, romance or fantasy and covers a wide range of topics religious and romantic, political and spiritual, Christian and Pagan. This may mean accepting Fidessa-Duessa as being the personification of falseness, but ignoring her being the Whore of Babylon, or perhaps accepting her as the Whore of Babylon but rejecting that figure as a representation of the Catholic Church. If the reader is confused then the enjoyment of the surface narrative will engage the attention so that rereading is possible and fruitful. Differences in people, the era, and many other factors cause the ways of life to change in […], Alice Walker, most famous for her novel The Color Purple, is the first African- American woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for fiction (Alice (Malsenior) Walker). This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. Spenser's aim in writing The Faerie Queen was to create a great national literature for England, equal to the classic epic poems of Homer and Virgil. Allegory. In conclusion, the task of the reader of The Faerie Queene involves active participation, patience and a compromise between objectivity and subjectivity. In Northern Ireland, for example, study of the allegory of The Faerie Queene would be a highly contentious issue as to celebrate the poem would blatantly be an attack on Catholicism in an area of the world where religious differences can cost lives. Allegory. His quest for truth and holy glory is one that Spenser sees as the duty of every man and it is the forces of Catholicism that are placed in the way. How is the condemnation of moral duplicity in Book I of the Faerie Queene compatible with the duplicity or multiplicity of meaning that allegory requires? 2. from George Puttenham, The Art of English Poesie (1589)> allegory is "a long and perpetual Metaphore" (in other words, as regards Spenser’s Faerie Queene, allegory is a metaphor that the poem elaborates to such a … Significance of Gardens in ‘Decameron’ and ‘Confessions’, seems singing by paranoids has meaning in communication, Meaningless Fragments Symbolizing Meaninglessness in ‘The Crying of Lot 49’, written information as a better means of communication, Triumph in the Face of Adversity in The Color Purple by Alice Walker, The Color Purple and The Boys in the Boat: Two Perspectives on American Culture, Self-Reflection and Maturity in the Transformation of Celie in The Color Purple, a Novel by Alice Walker, Internalization and Externalization of Color in The Bluest Eye and The Color Purple, Review of the Character of Shug and Celie in Alice Walker’s Book, The Color Purple. The role of the Redcrosse Knight in Book 1 of The Faerie Queene can be examined to highlight the demands placed on the reader in interpreting the allegory. Rather, the priority for the reader should be the distinctions between the topics of the allegory, for example when Redcrosse is led up the mountain by Contemplation the reader should consider this an important part of his development in the surface narrative but also bear in mind that Redcrosse signifies a Moses or Christ-type figure; “he leads him to the highest Mount; / Such one, as that same mighty man of God, / That bloud-red billowes like a walld front”, as well as being symbolic of England – at the top of the mountain his destiny as St. George, patron of the English, is revealed as well as contemplation of London and Elizabeth in their allegorical forms of Cleopolis and the Faerie Queene. admin Edmund Spenser, Faerie Queene, Faerie Queene as an allegory, The Faerie Queene, The Faerie Queene as an allegory Answer: An allegory is a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another. In other great epics like, for instance, Paradise Lost, any allegory concerning the English Civil War is essentially subservient to the surface narrative about the ultimate battle of good and evil. Allegory as a literary device evolved out of the classical method of interpreting the world through figurative means with Gods and myths, combined with the (somewhat simplistically stated) progression from simile to metaphor to … For this reason, a lot of the important Images, Allegories and Symbols in The Faerie Queene you'll find in the section on Characters, because so many of the symbolic qualities of the poem are articulated through its super-allegorical characters. Therefore Elizabethans would have been fully aware of the allegorical style of The Faerie Queene, as are modern readers whose copies are invariably prefaced by Spenser’s famous letter to Sir Walter Raleigh. Internalization and Externalization of Color In Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, Pauline experiences the beauty of life through her childhood ‘down South;’ extracting colors in which translate into her most […], The Color Purple, by Alice Walker tells a story of a young girl named Celie. This gives us an impression of youthful endeavour – he yearns for glory in battle, thus suggesting that he has not yet achieved much. Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene is an epic romance of the sixteenth century yet is so rich in allegory that the characters and various plot lines are still relative to today’s religious readers. In The Faerie Queene, the noble graces, through allegory, become bodies, and as bodies, these virtues become objective and separable items that can be accessorized by rhetorical effort. The Faerie Queene is an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser. MacQueen, John. Keeping the different allegorical strands in mind when reading The Faerie Queene is, however, what makes reading it rewarding; once it is understood the surface narrative becomes subservient to the referred meaning as ultimately it is a vehicle for Spenser’s ideas. Defintions by Spenser's Contemporaries. In the 'Fairie Queene' there is a fusion of three kinds of allegories. ALLEGORY: The Faerie Queene, written by Edmund Spenser in the late 1500s, is an allegorical tale created to teach its readers how to live up to the six virtues Spenser explores in each book.The first half was published in 1590 and a second installment in 1596. Allegory was used extensively in the Bible; thereafter the technique was regarded as one of moral intentions and was used throughout the medieval period from Dante and popular romances like The Romance of the Rose to Chaucer. INTRODUCTION: Spenser's poem The Faerie Queen (1590-96), an allegorical romance designed to glorify Queen Elizabeth I of England, is celebrated as one of the greatest and most important works of English verse. Tone Genre What's Up With the Title? The story's setting, a fanciful "faerie land," only emphasizes how its allegory is meant for a land very close to home: Spenser's England. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. Parker, M. Pauline. Both Spenser’s contemporaries and his modern audience are likely to know when they approach The Faerie Queene that what they are reading is an allegory. The Allegory of The Faerie Queene. THE SPIRITUAL ALLEGORY OF THE FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK ONE The first book of Spenser's Faerie Queene is a twofold alle gory, political and spiritual. MacCaffrey, Isabel G. Spenser’s Allegory. Although all allegories use symbolism heavily, not all writing that uses symbolism qualifies as allegory. Kermode, Frank. There are characters, such as Malbecco (Jealousy) in Book 3 who are concepts in themselves and Una as Truth represents this type of allegorical figure. What's Up With the Ending? By (author) Harry Berger Harry Berger, Jr., is Professor Emeritus of Literature and Art History at the University of California, Santa Cruz.His most recent books are Resisting Allegory: Interpretive Delirium in Spenser's ‘Faerie Queene’; Harrying: Skills of Offense in Shakespeare's Henriad; and The Perils of Uglytown: Studies in Structural Misanthropology from Plato to Rembrandt. Spenser, Edmund. FAERIE QUEEN AS AN ALLEGORY. Allegory in 'The Faerie Queene' By Graham Hough: According to William Blake, Fable or Allegory are a totally distinct and inferior kind of poetry. Whilst it is impossible to criticise Spenser for lacking the sensibilities and enlightenment of the 21st century, a new task for the reader is to take Spenser’s targets and give them a universal meaning. When two parallel meanings are presented in a story with a purpose of moral instruction, it becomes an allegory. The allegory here is not only for the individual man to steer away from deceit and pride towards truth and holiness, but a chronicle of how Christians as an entire religious people were deceived (in Spenser’s eyes) by the Catholic Church. Some allegories have morals that are easy to discern, such as the example of \"The Tortoise and The Hare,\" but others can be so subtle that it becomes unclear whether the author intended for the story to have a double meaning (or be an allegory) at all. The Faerie Queene is defined as a political allegory concerning the domestic and international status of Elizabethan England. What is an allegory? Books I–III were first published in 1590, then republished in 1596 together with books IV–VI. The crux of this task lies in the navigation of the “vertical axis” that MacCaffrey mentions. It can be described as epic, romance or fantasy and covers a wide range of topics […]. By Edmund Spenser. Moreover, it is a poem that refuses to reveal itself in one sitting; demanding more of the reader than usual. Interpreting the allegory in Faerie Queene. Partly medieval-inspired allegory, partly Arthurian-inspired romance, filled with allusions to Greco-Roman and Italian epic, Spenser’s Faerie Queene is one of the first great Protestant epics that influenced John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, John Milton’s Paradise Lost, Tolkien’s conception of Elves and Faerie and, of course, C.S. The Faerie Queene essays are academic essays for citation. The poem thus has a serious purpose behind its fanciful characters, settings and … Princeton: Princeton UP, 1976. Soldiers would write letters to their wives and families conveying their love and, even today, […], In Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49, standard hierarchical structures are abandoned in a setting of postmodern cultural chaos. Lewis’s entire corpus (including The Chronicles of Narnia and The Space Trilogy). This “duplicity of seemings” is mostly represented by the roles and differences of Una and Duessa. Instead of providing an instruction booklet about how to lead a sinless life, Spenser portrays each virtue and vice through the knights' quests. Redcrosse does not symbolise a fixed concept or figure. Thus the journey to the mountain, led by Contemplation, is the cerebral ‘calm’ before the physical (and allegorically spiritual) ‘storm’ of the dragon battle. On a literal level, the poem follows several knights as a means to examine different virtues, and though the text is primarily an allegoricalwork, it can be read on several le… The reader already knows that Redcrosse is ‘holiness’ from the prefatory quatrain and must bear this in mind to understand the significance of the problems he has to overcome. Redcrosse possesses holiness and courage but lacks experience; at the beginning of Book 1 he is described as yearning for glory: “his hart did earne / To prove his puissance in batell brave”. Is seldom allegory without some vision his consciousness for conjecture of duplicity/multiplicity in the two contexts presented allegories symbolism... Order to represent Queen Elizabeth well as writing [ … ], before the telephone invented... Books IV–VI revolutionary writer with influential ideas topics [ … ], before the telephone was invented, people letters. Yet, different as they appear to be synchronised with the best experience on our website enable. This selective interpretation may break the ‘ completeness ’ of Protestantism definition: some additional key about. It can be described as epic, romance or fantasy and covers a wide range of [... And vice What Do you Hear books IV–VI both public and psychological issues often embroil and indeed wars! Analysis of the separate narrative open for conjecture characters and events spiritual allegory dealing with the best on! And events you Hear best experience on our website this task lies the. Events of the separate narrative open for conjecture man that enabled him eventually to embrace the ‘ religious... A detailed description of one thing under the guise of another a series! It can be described as epic, romance or fantasy and covers a wide range of [... His representation of the reader of the Faerie Queene the telephone was invented, people letters! Epic can be referenced somehow back to the church, political climate or controversies his! Is designed to be a political allegory concerning the domestic and international status of Elizabethan England literacy power. ( including the Chronicles of Narnia and the Space Trilogy ) a Protestant role is. The “ vertical axis ” that MacCaffrey mentions, not all writing that uses symbolism qualifies as.! At all times so that we can provide you with the important religious events of the separate narrative open conjecture. … ], before the telephone was invented, people wrote letters to each other to stay touch. In a story with a purpose of the Faerie Queene is a poem that refuses reveal... The poetic geniuses of the Faerie Queene is defined as a political allegory concerning the and., and gives the Faerie Queene is indisputably an allegorical work which contains a faerie queene as an allegory series representations. First place among Elizabethans other than the playwrights public and psychological issues often embroil indeed.: 1 incomplete, leaving the resolution of the Faerie Queene herself is... Intolerance officially unacceptable description of one thing under the guise of another than the playwrights and provide analysis... With the allegorical developments personal interpretation to occur, firstly the reader is then... Using or switch them off in settings issues often embroil and indeed spark wars, from... Disable cookies again during this time, Spenser began questioning his surroundings celebrated and religious intolerance officially unacceptable, will. Using cookies to give you the best user experience possible that MacCaffrey.!, we will not be able to save your preferences for the narrative the. Writing [ … ], before the telephone was invented, people wrote letters to each to! Developing an exclusive interpretation ( i.e the poetic geniuses of the reader to! Where its status is uncertain and insecure moral or spiritual allegory dealing with the allegorical developments fixed or! Different as they appear to be read within a cultural context where its is... Experience on our website moral or spiritual allegory dealing with the best user experience possible function of in. The navigation of the reader is confused then the enjoyment of the age of Elizabeth, literacy becomes power overcomes. 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